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Typhoon Ida (1958)
Typhoon Ida, also known as the , was the third deadliest typhoon in Japan. On September 20, Ida formed in the Western Pacific near Guam. It moved to the west and rapidly intensified into a 115 mph (185 km/h) typhoon by the next day. On September 22, Ida turned to the north and continued its quick rate of intensification. Two days later, the Hurricane Hunters observed a minimum barometric pressure of , as well as estimated peak winds of 325 km/h (200 mph). This made Ida the strongest tropical cyclone in the world at the time, although it was surpassed by Typhoon June 17 years later. Ida weakened as it continued to the north-northeast, and made landfall in Japan on southeastern Honshū with winds of 80 mph on September 26. It became extratropical the next day, and dissipated on the 28th to the east of the country. Ida caused torrential flooding to southeastern Japan, resulting in over 1,900 mudslides. Damage was estimated at $50 million, and there were 1,269 fatalities.
==Meteorological history==
Tropical Storm Ida formed east of Guam on September 20, 1958. The storm moved westward, crossing the island as it gradually intensified into a typhoon. On September 22, Ida began a motion to the north, following a path typical of September typhoons.〔 Around that time, the Hurricane Hunters reported that the eye was obscured, and over the subsequent 24 hours the eyewall remained incomplete. However, over a 14-hour period beginning at 1500 UTC on September 23, Typhoon Ida began undergoing rapid deepening, at times a rate of per hour. The eye became increasingly well-defined,〔 and near 0500 UTC on September 24, a reconnaissance aircraft deployed a dropsonde in the typhoon about northwest of Guam. The instrument recorded a barometric pressure of , which made Ida the strongest tropical cyclone on record at the time as measured by pressure.〔
Around the time of its lowest pressure, the Hurricane Hunters estimated sustained winds in Ida of 345 km/h (215 mph). The reconnaissance flight observed a surface temperature in the eye of 33 °C (92 °F) with 50% humidity; such a warm and dry eye was rather unusual for being located over the open ocean. By less than 36 hours after its peak intensity, aircraft reported that the eye had become filled with clouds, which indicated weakening. Ida's winds gradually decreased, and the typhoon struck Japan in southeastern Honshu on September 26 with winds of and a minimum pressure of .〔 The typhoon crossed the eastern portion of the country and emerged from Fukushima Prefecture into the Pacific Ocean. Early on September 27, Ida became extratropical, and its remnants moved through Sapporo and the Kuril Islands before dissipating late on September 28.〔
When the Hurricane Hunters reported Ida's lowest pressure, the measurement was lower than the previous record of , set by a typhoon in 1927.〔 Ida retained its status as the most intense typhoon until 1973, when Typhoon Nora attained the same minimum pressure. In November 1975, Typhoon June surpassed both and attained a minimum pressure of . Typhoon Tip in October 1979 became the strongest on record with a minimum pressure of , which remains the record. However, Ida's record wind speeds were tied by Hurricane Patricia of 2015, which had 200 mph wind speeds.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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